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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Monitoring Visual Fatigue with Eye Tracking in a Pharmaceutical Packing Area.

Carlos Albarrán Morillo¹, John F Suárez-Pérez², Micaela Demichela¹

¹Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Visual fatigue increases during pharmaceutical packaging work, especially at night and under poor lighting. Identifying high-risk tasks and conditions can improve worker well-being and inspection accuracy.

Keywords:

Industry 5.0 eye tracking human-centered design occupational health pharmaceutical packaging visual fatigue wearable sensors

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Area of Science:

Ergonomics and Human Factors
Occupational Health and Safety
Industrial Engineering

Background:

Repetitive tasks in pharmaceutical packaging often involve suboptimal lighting, potentially causing visual fatigue.
Operator well-being and inspection performance are critical in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate visual fatigue in pharmaceutical packaging operators.
To identify high-risk conditions contributing to visual fatigue.
To propose sensor-based monitoring for ergonomic interventions.

Main Methods:

Human-centered methodology combining self-report questionnaires, eye-tracking (Tobii Pro Glasses 3), and lux-level measurements.
Analysis of eye-movement metrics (fixation duration, visit patterns, pupil diameter) within Areas of Interest.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to reduce data complexity and identify visual behavior patterns.

Main Results:

Progressive increase in visual fatigue observed across workweeks and shifts, particularly during night work.
Strong association found between visual fatigue and inadequate lighting conditions.
Tasks with high physical workload under poor illumination identified as critical risk scenarios.

Conclusions:

Visual fatigue is a significant issue in pharmaceutical packaging, exacerbated by poor lighting and high workload.
The integrated approach successfully identified high-risk conditions, enabling targeted ergonomic interventions.
Sensor-based monitoring and environment-specific design can enhance operator well-being and inspection performance, aligning with Industry 5.0 principles.