Acute myocardial injury induced by pheochromocytoma: a case report

Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are neuroendocrine tumors derived from neural crest cells. PCC typically develop within the adrenal medulla and are known for their catecholamine hypersecretion, leading to acute myocardial injuries and cardiac dysfunction, such as acute heart failure, pulmonary embolism, cardiogenic shock, and tachyarrhythmia. In the clinic, the rarity of these conditions often results in diagnostic challenges, which can delay crucial treatment interventions.

A 37-year-old woman presented with headache, chest discomfort, hypertension, and was detected myocardial injury. Chest computed tomography revealed a mass inside the left adrenal limb. The elevation of methoxy-catecholamines in urine confirmed the diagnosis of PCC. After a left adrenal mass resection, the plasma catecholamine level was recovery to normal. At the telephone follow-up, the patient complained of occasional episodes of palpitation, but no pain or other discomfort.

We present a case of acute myocardial injury caused by PCC and conduct a relevant literature review to provide experience for the clinic. In young patients lacking cardiovascular risk factors presenting with episodes of hypertension and chest tightness, it is recommended to perform CT imaging to differentiate between PCC and cardiovascular diseases. All patients with PCC are advised to refine genetic testing.