Factors related to reversal of prediabetes in patients from a cardiovascular risk program during 2019 - 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impacts the development of cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes, called intermediate hyperglycemia, is diagnosed with glucose levels that do not meet the criteria for T2DM, but are elevated. Lifestyle changes achieve a reversal of up to 58%, structured within an adequate follow-up in cardiovascular risk programs.

Longitudinal, descriptive study, with analytical scope, retrospective collection of information from a cohort of adults with a diagnosis of prediabetes; in quarterly follow-up by a cardiovascular risk program of a III level institution between 2019 - 2023. Univariate and bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to define the correlation between reversion to normoglycemia and associated factors.

Mean age was 69.5 years (SD 10.1), 50.8% women, median follow-up 366 days (IQR 249 - 569). Performing physical activity > 150 minutes per week (validated by International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ), increases 4.15 times the chance of reversing prediabetes (p< 0.001); while decreasing the chance of reversal, having an HbA1c ≥ 6.0 to 86% (p= 0.014) and BMI ≥ 25 to 75% (p= 0.005).

Follow-up in structured cardiovascular risk programs allows estimating factors related to prediabetes reversion and emphasizing strategies to reduce comorbidities. Population-based studies are required to expand the results.