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Gender Differences in Sports-Related Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review.

Annie Yun An Shiau¹, Kayla D Schick¹, Kelly McWilliams²

¹McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Trauma, Violence & Abuse

|September 27, 2025

Summary

This review found gender differences in sports-related child maltreatment (CM). Girls reported more neglect and psychological/sexual abuse, while boys reported more physical abuse, with varying perpetrators and disclosure patterns.

Keywords:

child athletes child maltreatment gender differences sports violence

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Psychology
Sociology

Background:

Sports-related child maltreatment (CM) is a growing global concern.
Existing research on gender differences in sports CM is fragmented, primarily focusing on sexual abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and synthesize evidence on sports-related CM subtypes.
To investigate gender differences in prevalence, perpetrators, outcomes, and disclosure of sports CM.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search across PsycInfo, MedLine, and Scopus databases.
Inclusion of 22 studies examining gender differences in sports-related CM among individuals under 18.
Quantitative comparison of CM experiences across genders.

Main Results:

Girls reported higher rates of sports-related neglect, psychological, and sexual abuse.
Boys reported higher rates of sports-related physical abuse.
Gender disparities observed in perpetrators (peers for boys, coaches for girls) and disclosure recipients (coaches for boys, parents for girls).

Conclusions:

Significant gender differences exist in the experience and reporting of sports-related CM.
Underreporting and severe outcomes are prevalent concerns for all genders.
Need for consistent measurement tools, further research on disclosure barriers, and formal reporting structures in sports is critical.