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Evaluating the Study Designs and Outcome Measures Used in Service User Involvement in Health Professional Entry-Level
Jonathan Green1, Jennifer Oates1, Sam Robertson2
1School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Summary
Evaluating service user involvement in health professional education is crucial but lacks optimal outcome measures. Future research must include service user perspectives to improve health system impact.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Education
- Health Professions Education
- Service User Involvement
Background:
- Regulatory requirements in the UK and Australia mandate service user involvement in health professional education.
- Evaluating this involvement informs curriculum development, yet optimal outcome measures for non-medical health professions are unidentified.
- Existing research primarily focuses on medical education, leaving a gap for other health professionals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify characteristics, designs, and outcome measurement methods in studies of service user involvement in entry-level education for nurses, midwives, allied health professionals, social workers, and pharmacists.
- To describe the characteristics of the outcome measures employed.
- To assess the alignment of these measures with the modified Kirkpatrick Evaluation Framework.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of Medline, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases (2000-2024).
- Independent screening of studies by two reviewers.
- Narrative synthesis of findings and mapping of measures to the modified Kirkpatrick Evaluation Framework.
Main Results:
- Nineteen studies utilizing 29 measures were included, predominantly quasi-experimental designs with small samples.
- Measures primarily assessed student knowledge and attitudes, reflecting student and limited educator perspectives, but excluded service users' views.
- Only eight measures were validated, and none aligned with higher levels of the Kirkpatrick framework concerning health system or patient impact.
Conclusions:
- Study design limitations hinder comparability and generalizability.
- Current outcome measures fail to assess the impact on the health system or patients, and lack service user perspectives.
- Future research should prioritize identifying outcome measure requirements from service user and educator viewpoints to foster a culture of involvement.
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