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Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM
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Does motilin primarily regulate gastrointestinal motility in fish?

Takio Kitazawa1, Hiroyuki Kaiya2, Shuangyi Zhang3

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Motilin (MLN) peptide hormone regulates gut motility in mammals but not in fish. In fish, MLN primarily influences intestinal mucosal cells and central neurons, unlike its role in other vertebrates.

Keywords:
Central nervous systemFishGastrointestinal tractMotilinMotilin receptorMotility

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Motilin (MLN) is a peptide hormone crucial for gut motility in mammals.
  • MLN and its receptors are conserved across vertebrates, including fish.
  • Fish MLN exhibits structural differences and distinct receptor distribution compared to mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological roles of motilin in fish.
  • To compare the function and structure of MLN in fish with other vertebrates.
  • To elucidate the specific regulatory functions of MLN in fish.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of MLN structure and receptor distribution across species.
  • Review of existing literature on MLN function in fish physiology.
  • Inference of MLN function based on receptor expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Fish MLN is shorter and has a different N-terminal amino acid (histidine) than mammalian MLN (phenylalanine).
  • MLN receptors in fish are primarily located in the central nervous system and intestinal mucosa.
  • Unlike in mammals, MLN does not induce contractions in the fish gastrointestinal tract.

Conclusions:

  • Motilin does not regulate gastrointestinal motility in fish.
  • MLN in fish likely modulates intestinal mucosal cell function and central nervous system activity.
  • The role of MLN in fish diverges significantly from its established functions in other vertebrate groups.