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External apical root resorption assessment revisited: a scoping review
The Angle Orthodontist
|September 27, 2025
Summary
Diagnosing external apical root resorption (EARR) with dental radiographs lacks standardization, leading to inconsistent results. Treatment duration
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Orthodontics
- Radiology
Background:
- External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common complication of orthodontic treatment.
- Radiographic diagnosis and measurement of EARR lack standardized protocols.
Purpose of the Study:
- Critically evaluate the diagnosis of root resorption using panoramic and periapical radiography.
- Discuss measurement methods, severity spectrum, and the impact of treatment duration on EARR.
- Identify inconsistencies in EARR diagnosis and contributing factors.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies on orthodontic treatment and EARR diagnosis.
- Inclusion of studies using panoramic or intraoral radiographs.
- Analysis of 704 retrieved studies, with 40 ultimately included.
Main Results:
- Lack of author agreement on EARR diagnosis and measurement methods.
- Inconsistent association between patient/treatment factors (e.g., duration) and EARR development.
- 18 studies used panoramic radiographs, 22 used intraoral radiographs for EARR diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Standardization of diagnostic protocols for EARR is crucial.
- Refinement of radiographic measurement techniques is needed.
- Improved diagnostic accuracy is essential for effective orthodontic care.
Keywords:
Fixed applianceMeasurement methodOrthodontic treatmentRoot resorptionScopus reviewTreatment duration
