Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

182
Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
182
Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

502
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
502

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

BCAAs, LAT1, and the Metabolic Competition between Tumor and Peripheral Tissues during Cancer Cachexia.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026
Same author

Effect of Lipid Removal on the Physicochemical, Functional, Rheological, and Amino Acid Profiles of Pearl Millet, Buckwheat, and Quinoa Flours.

Journal of food science·2026
Same author

Phase 2 Futility Trials in Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Analysis of the ADNI Data Set.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Application of the 2024 McDonald Criteria in Individuals With Nonspecific Symptoms or Incidental Imaging Findings in a Multicenter Study.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis, including older patients and those with more advanced disease (ORATORIO-HAND): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Incorporation of grapefruit albedo and flavedo into millet-based muffins: Effects on antioxidant activity and quality attributes.

Food science and technology international = Ciencia y tecnologia de los alimentos internacional·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
06:28

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

1.3K

Multidimensional Modeling to Maximize Adaptations to eXercise: the M3AX trial rationale and study design.

Zachary A Graham1, Matthew P Bubak2,3, Christiana J Raymond-Pope2

  • 1Healthspan, Resilience and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show varied responses to exercise, impacting healthspan. The M3AX trial investigates this interindividual response heterogeneity (IRH) to personalize exercise for better aging outcomes.

Keywords:
combined traininggeroscienceheterogeneityskeletal muscle

More Related Videos

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.8K
Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
08:48

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: January 29, 2016

17.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
06:28

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

1.3K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.8K
Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
08:48

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: January 29, 2016

17.3K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Age-related functional declines are linked to biological aging processes, affecting intrinsic capacity and quality of life.
  • Exercise is a promising intervention for aging, but individual responses vary significantly (interindividual response heterogeneity - IRH).
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind IRH is crucial for optimizing exercise efficacy in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interindividual response heterogeneity (IRH) to combined endurance and resistance training in older adults.
  • To identify mechanistic underpinnings of IRH through deep phenotyping.
  • To develop strategies for boosting exercise response rates and creating personalized exercise prescriptions.

Main Methods:

  • A two-phase Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) design (M3AX Trial) enrolling 250 older adults.
  • Phase I (12 weeks) focuses on classifying individual responsiveness and interrogating mechanistic factors.
  • Phase II (10 weeks) aims to boost responsiveness, utilizing deep in vivo, ex vivo, and molecular phenotyping across multiple domains.

Main Results:

  • The M3AX trial is the first to specifically address IRH in older adults undergoing combined training.
  • Deep phenotyping will cover physiological, metabolic, cognitive, behavioral, cellular, and molecular aspects.
  • Multidimensional biocircuitry of responsiveness will be established to build predictive models.

Conclusions:

  • This study will provide novel insights into the biological basis of exercise response variability in aging.
  • Findings are expected to facilitate the development of personalized exercise interventions to maximize healthspan and quality of life.
  • The M3AX trial design enables both interrogation and mitigation of IRH, advancing exercise science for older populations.