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Published on: February 22, 2019
In-vitro inhaled bioavailability of particle-bound per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: affecting factors and risk
Bin Wang1, Yiming Yao2,3, Hongwen Sun4
1College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Abstract:
Concerns regarding the inhaled risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in atmospheric particulate matter (APM) are continuously increasing. In this study, we collected APM of three sizes (PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10) to investigate the bioavailability of PFAS. An in-vitro simulation method was employed using two simulated lung fluids: modified Gamble's solution (MGS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). Among the APM samples, PFAS concentrations in PM1.0 and PM2.5 were significantly higher than those in PM10. In addition to long-chain PFAS, short-chain and emerging PFAS also exhibited high concentrations. Regarding the inhaled bioavailability of PFAS in APM, we found that PFAS generally had high inhalation bioavailability fractions (IBAFs) in both MGS and ALF. IBAFs for most PFAS reached equilibrium after 1-day incubation period, with the size of APM and hydrophobicity of PFAS influencing IBAFs in both MGS and ALF. The bioavailability of PFAS in ALF was generally higher than that in MGS. If the bioavailability of PFAS in APM with simulated lung fluids is not considered, the inhaled health risk of PFAS may be overestimated by 21-47% in the interstitial fluid of lung cells and by 17-33% in lung cells.
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