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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

Published on: February 16, 2015

Engineering adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors.

Maryam Sanjary¹, Ameneh Shokati², Mahshid Akhavan Rahnama³

¹Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)

|September 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive cell therapy (ACT) shows promise for solid tumors, overcoming challenges like immune suppression and antigen escape. Engineering T cells (CAR-T, TCR-T, TILs) with tools like CRISPR/Cas9 enhances efficacy for personalized cancer treatment.

Keywords:

Adaptive cell therapy CAR T cells NK cells Solid tumors

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Biotechnology

Background:

Adaptive cell therapy (ACT) shows success in blood cancers but faces hurdles in solid tumors.
Challenges include poor immune cell infiltration, diverse tumor antigens, and a suppressive tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current strategies for enhancing ACT efficacy in solid tumors.
To explore advancements in engineered T cells and gene-editing technologies.

Main Methods:

Focus on engineered T cells: CAR-T, TCR-T, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Discusses strategies for tumor targeting, overcoming immunosuppression, and antigen escape.
Highlights gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 for next-generation immune cells.

Main Results:

Engineered T cells demonstrate potential for improved solid tumor treatment.
CRISPR/Cas9 facilitates the development of more functional and safer immune cells.
Integration of engineering and systems biology advances ACT capabilities.

Conclusions:

ACT strategies are evolving to address solid tumor complexities.
Next-generation ACT holds significant promise for personalized cancer therapy.
Further research integrating novel techniques is crucial for clinical translation.