Interstitial drug delivery system: Physiological basis and (pre)clinical progress

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Science
• Biomedical Engineering
• Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

• Interstitial drug delivery systems are crucial for lymphatic transport and lymph node targeting.
• The success of mRNA vaccines highlights the potential of interstitial strategies.
• Advancing these systems requires a thorough understanding of interstitial physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review interstitial physiology, administration routes, and advanced delivery systems.
• To evaluate recent formulation designs and clinical translation efforts.
• To identify challenges and future directions for interstitial drug delivery.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of interstitial physiology and drug delivery.
• Analysis of diverse interstitial administration routes.
• Evaluation of formulation design and clinical translation data.

Main Results:

• Detailed summary of interstitial composition and function.
• Discussion of unique characteristics of various administration routes.
• Overview of recent advances in formulation and clinical translation.

Conclusions:

• A deeper understanding of interstitial physiology is vital for developing next-generation delivery systems.
• The review provides a foundation for stimulating wider clinical application of interstitial delivery.
• Future research should address current challenges to optimize therapeutic use.