Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with nanotechnology: A novel therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal cancers

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Biotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide.
• The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is crucial in GI cancer progression, survival, and drug resistance.
• Current chemotherapy for GI cancers faces challenges including drug resistance and significant side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in gastrointestinal malignancies.
• To explore nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway in GI cancers.
• To discuss recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in nanoparticle-based cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in GI cancers.
• Exploration of various nanoparticle classifications including metal-based, lipid-based, and polymeric nanoparticles.
• Discussion of research on ultra-small nanoparticles and superparticles for targeted therapy.

Main Results:

• Nanoparticle-based approaches can enhance the precision and efficacy of therapies targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
• Different types of nanoparticles (metal, lipid, polymeric) offer diverse therapeutic potentials.
• Recent research highlights the importance of ultra-small nanoparticles and superparticles in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

• Nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for overcoming limitations in current gastrointestinal cancer treatments.
• Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with nanoparticles can improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.
• Further research into nanoparticle design and application holds significant potential for advancing GI cancer therapy.