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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: June 10, 2025

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[Lumpy Skin Disease].

Mizuki Watanabe1, Mitsutaka Ikezawa1, Takehiro Kokuho1

  • 1National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO).

Uirusu
|September 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral cattle disease. Vector control and vaccination are key to preventing LSDV spread, crucial for managing outbreaks in Asia and preventing reintroduction.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Disease Control

Background:

  • Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral illness affecting cattle and water buffaloes, caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV).
  • Infected animals exhibit skin nodules, fever, reduced milk yield, and abortions, with lesions serving as a significant viral reservoir.
  • LSDV is primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors like biting midges, stable flies, and ticks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD).
  • To highlight the importance of vector control and vaccination in managing LSDV.
  • To assess the risk of LSDV reintroduction in disease-free regions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on LSDV transmission and control.

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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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  • Analysis of LSDV outbreak data in Asia.
  • Risk assessment for disease reintroduction.

    • Main Results:

    • LSDV spreads horizontally through skin lesions and is primarily vector-borne.
    • Live attenuated vaccines are effective but eradication remains a challenge in affected countries.
    • LSD has spread across Asia since 2019, with Japan experiencing its first outbreak in November 2024.

    Conclusions:

    • Vector control is essential for preventing LSDV incursions into farms.
    • Despite vaccination, ongoing outbreaks in neighboring countries pose a high risk of reintroduction.
    • Continuous surveillance and robust control measures are necessary to manage LSDV.