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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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[Lumpy Skin Disease].

Mizuki Watanabe1, Mitsutaka Ikezawa1, Takehiro Kokuho1

  • 1National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO).

Uirusu
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral cattle disease. Vector control and vaccination are key to preventing LSDV spread, crucial for managing outbreaks in Asia and preventing reintroduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Disease Control

Background:

  • Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral illness affecting cattle and water buffaloes, caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV).
  • Infected animals exhibit skin nodules, fever, reduced milk yield, and abortions, with lesions serving as a significant viral reservoir.
  • LSDV is primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors like biting midges, stable flies, and ticks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD).
  • To highlight the importance of vector control and vaccination in managing LSDV.
  • To assess the risk of LSDV reintroduction in disease-free regions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on LSDV transmission and control.
  • Analysis of LSDV outbreak data in Asia.
  • Risk assessment for disease reintroduction.

Main Results:

  • LSDV spreads horizontally through skin lesions and is primarily vector-borne.
  • Live attenuated vaccines are effective but eradication remains a challenge in affected countries.
  • LSD has spread across Asia since 2019, with Japan experiencing its first outbreak in November 2024.

Conclusions:

  • Vector control is essential for preventing LSDV incursions into farms.
  • Despite vaccination, ongoing outbreaks in neighboring countries pose a high risk of reintroduction.
  • Continuous surveillance and robust control measures are necessary to manage LSDV.