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Maximum Power Transfer

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

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Simultaneous Multifrequency Modulated Wireless Information and Power Transfer for a Triboelectronic Monitoring

Hongwei Yuan¹, Youngwook Chung², Ze Wang¹

¹School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|September 29, 2025

Summary

Ultrasound-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (US-TENGs) now feature multifrequency modulated simultaneous wireless power and information transmission (MF-SWIPT). This innovation enhances energy sustainability and data transfer for microsystems without interrupting power flow.

Keywords:

information demodulation circuits multifrequency modulation power transmission efficiency simultaneous wireless power and information transmission ultrasound‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators

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Area of Science:

Energy Harvesting and Microsystems
Wireless Power Transfer
Nanotechnology

Background:

Implantable and underwater microsystems require reliable energy and data transmission.
Ultrasound-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (US-TENGs) offer a promising solution for powering these devices.
Existing systems face challenges in continuous, uninterrupted power and information flow.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate multifrequency modulated simultaneous wireless power and information transmission (MF-SWIPT) for US-TENGs.
To enable continuous, uninterrupted power and information transmission for microsystems.
To enhance the energy sustainability and information interaction capabilities of US-TENG powered microsystems.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel MF-SWIPT technology integrated with US-TENGs.
Optimization of multifrequency information demodulation circuits for low power consumption (microwatts).
Demonstration of the US-TENG-MF-SWIPT system in underwater temperature monitoring microsystems.

Main Results:

Achieved continuous and uninterrupted power and information transmission.
Demonstrated increased information transmission efficiency with minimal impact on power transmission efficiency.
Successfully powered a microsystem, transmitted data, and modulated operating parameters like alarm thresholds.

Conclusions:

The proposed US-TENG-MF-SWIPT technology significantly enhances energy sustainability for microsystems.
This approach improves information interaction and control capabilities for remote and implantable devices.
The technology holds potential for advanced underwater sensing, monitoring, and implantable medical applications.