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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
Published on: September 8, 2013
Harnessing Phenonium Ions in Synthesis.
Robert J Mayer1, David Lebœuf2
1School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Recent advances enable the controlled generation and application of phenonium ions in synthesis. This review highlights strategies for harnessing these reactive intermediates, overcoming previous limitations in their use.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Synthetic Chemistry
Background:
- Phenonium ions are known for decades but rarely used in synthesis.
- Their limited application stems from challenges in controlling their formation and reactivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent strategies for generating and utilizing phenonium ions in organic synthesis.
- To emphasize mechanistic insights, regioselectivity, and functional group tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of physical-organic properties of phenonium species.
- Design of specific substrates for controlled ion generation.
- Utilization of defined reagents and promoter systems.
Main Results:
- Emergence of novel synthetic applications for phenonium ions.
- Strategies to overcome challenges in phenonium ion formation and reactivity.
- Detailed examination of mechanistic aspects, regioselectivity, and functional group compatibility.
Conclusions:
- Recent advancements facilitate the controlled generation of reactive phenonium intermediates.
- Understanding physicochemical properties is key to successful synthetic applications.
- This review provides insights into harnessing phenonium ions for complex synthesis.
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