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Associations between intelligence, affective temperament, and parental bonding with educational level.
Hirofumi Hirakawa1, Takeshi Terao1, Kentaro Kohno1
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
Frontiers in Global Women'S Health
|September 29, 2025
Summary
Higher intelligence and maternal care are linked to increased educational attainment. This study explored factors associated with educational level in 130 individuals.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Education
Background:
- Educational level is a significant life aspect influenced by biopsychosocial and economic factors.
- Understanding determinants of educational attainment is crucial for individual and societal development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between educational level and intelligence.
- To examine the relationship of educational level with affective temperament.
- To explore the connection between educational level and parental bonding.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study design with 130 participants.
- Comparison of demographic data, intelligence, affective temperament, and parental bonding across three educational groups (high school, college, university+).
- Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and stepwise multiple regression analysis were employed.
Main Results:
- Intelligence, maternal care, and male sex showed a significant positive association with higher educational level.
- Age was significantly and negatively associated with educational level.
- Affective temperament did not show significant associations with educational level in this cohort.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest that higher intelligence and positive maternal care may be associated with advanced educational attainment.
- Further prospective research is needed to establish causality and explore other contributing factors.
- These insights can inform interventions aimed at improving educational outcomes.
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