Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Hydrocephalus Due to Complex Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report

Congenital heart disease may be associated with extracardiac abnormalities, such as those of the central nervous system. We present the case of a child with complex congenital heart disease associated with obstructive hydrocephalus treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). A 10-month-old child presented with atrial and ventricular septal defects, a double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with transposition of the great vessels, a dysplastic pulmonary valve, significant pulmonary stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus on two-dimensional echocardiography done in an outpatient clinic. Furthermore, computed tomography of the skull showed ventricular dilatation with signs of ependymal transudation. The hydrocephalus was treated by ETV with good results. Hydrocephalus is one of the most common malformations of the central nervous system. Further studies are needed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus, the best time to treat it, and whether ventriculoperitoneal shunt or ETV is the best choice of treatment.