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Benzoylselenoureas: A Novel Dual-Action Inhibitor Targeting Fungal Growth and Urease Activity in Cryptococcus

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New benzoylselenoureas (BSU) show potent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans by inhibiting urease. These compounds are promising for developing novel antifungal therapies targeting fungal urease.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Mycology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Fungal urease is vital for C. neoformans survival, infection spread, and blood-brain barrier penetration.
  • Urease inhibition presents a potential therapeutic strategy for antifungal treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate benzoylselenoureas (BSU) and benzoylthioureas (BTU) for antifungal and urease inhibitory activities against C. neoformans.
  • To investigate the influence of the chalcogen atom (selenium vs. sulfur) on biological activity.
  • To elucidate the molecular interactions between BSU compounds and fungal urease.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of eleven BSU and corresponding BTU analogs via a one-pot reaction.
  • Antifungal activity assessed using broth microdilution (MIC and MFC determination).
  • Urease inhibition evaluated by ammonia quantification; computational studies included homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT calculations.

Main Results:

  • BSU compounds exhibited superior antifungal activity compared to BTU analogs, with MIC/MFC values from 1-16 mg/L.
  • BSU1 and BSU5 were the most potent antifungal agents, showing significant urease inhibition (ureIC50: 0.95-13.95 nM).
  • Computational analyses indicated a bidentate coordination of BSU compounds with the Ni-(II) center of urease, involving amide oxygen and selenium atoms.

Conclusions:

  • Benzoylselenoureas demonstrate significant potential as antifungal agents by effectively inhibiting C. neoformans growth and urease activity at low concentrations.
  • Urease is confirmed as a viable therapeutic target for developing novel antifungal drugs.
  • The findings support the development of BSU derivatives as promising candidates for antifungal therapy.