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Related Concept Videos

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

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The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
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Reading and Cognitive Correlates Underlying Inferencing Among Adolescent Readers.

Amy E Barth1, Sharon Vaughn2

  • 1William Jewell College.

International Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities
|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent readers

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory components are crucial for reading comprehension.
  • Understanding how these components influence inferencing in adolescents is limited.
  • Inferencing is vital for deep reading comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of working memory components on near and far inferencing in adolescent readers.
  • To examine the direct and indirect effects of cognitive processes on inferencing abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Path analysis was employed with 1,085 students in Grades 7-12.
  • Evaluated relationships between inferencing, vocabulary, general knowledge, strategy use, word reading efficiency, and working memory components.
Keywords:
Near inferencingadolescentscognitive correlatesfar inferencingreading

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  • Assessed passive resonance, limited capacity, and suppression within working memory.

    • Main Results:

    • Near inferencing significantly impacts far inferencing.
    • Working memory, suppression, near inferencing, and vocabulary directly influence far inferencing.
    • Suppression, passive resonance, background knowledge, and vocabulary directly influence near inferencing.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive processes, particularly working memory components, play a significant role in adolescent reading inferencing.
    • Interventions targeting working memory and vocabulary may enhance inferencing skills.
    • Near inferencing acts as a key mediator between cognitive processes and far inferencing.