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Collecting and Processing Drone-based Remotely Sensed Data for Use in Forest Recovery Monitoring
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Accurate tree disc volume estimation using TLS: validation and improvement via point cloud repair.

Lu Xie1,2, Fangming Wu2, Dan Zhao2,3

  • 1School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) offers accurate tree trunk volume estimation, with accuracy influenced by species-specific bark and wood characteristics. This research validates TLS for non-destructive forest inventory.

Keywords:
3D reconstructiondisc volume estimationterrestrial laser scanningvolume accuracy validationwater displacement method

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Geospatial Analysis

Background:

  • Traditional forest inventory methods for tree trunk volume are destructive and prone to errors.
  • Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) presents a promising, non-destructive alternative for precise volume estimation.
  • Systematic evaluation of TLS accuracy at the tree level is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for estimating tree trunk volume.
  • To compare TLS-derived disc volumes with water displacement measurements.
  • To investigate the influence of species-specific characteristics on TLS accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • 123 disc samples from four tree species were scanned using a Leica RTC360 TLS.
  • A novel bottom surface filling algorithm was developed for point cloud data.
  • Poisson surface reconstruction and the Divergence Theorem were used for volume calculation.

Main Results:

  • TLS demonstrated high accuracy (R² = 0.940, CCC = 0.9745) with slight underestimation (-5.31 cm³).
  • Species-specific accuracy varied significantly (p = 0.0001), with *Platycladus orientalis* (rRMSE = 4.37%) being most accurate and *Quercus suber* (rRMSE = 7.10%) least accurate.
  • Smoother bark and uniform wood structure correlated with higher estimation accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Bark characteristics and wood structure are critical factors affecting TLS accuracy in tree trunk volume estimation.
  • TLS provides a robust foundation for high-precision, non-destructive forest volume measurements.
  • Optimized scanning and processing strategies can further enhance TLS application in forestry.