Occupational toxic encephalopathy due to 1,2-dichloroethane exposure: a case series

1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is a commonly used organic solvent in industrial settings. In pharmacokinetic studies using electrochemical techniques, it is widely used as an organic solvent for dissolving drugs and forms a water/1,2-DCE interface. The 1,2-DCE exposure caused by inadequate protection poses a risk of toxicity via inhalation or dermal contact. This case series documents five instances of poisoning resulting from occupational exposure to industrial products containing 1,2-DCE. 1,2-DCE can induce neurological damage, particularly affecting the central nervous system, manifesting as toxic encephalopathy. Clinical manifestations encompass headache, limb convulsions, and coma, often accompanied by increased intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging aids in the early detection of toxic encephalopathy by revealing extensive cerebral edema and diffuse, symmetrical abnormalities in signal intensity within the bilateral cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, and dentate nucleus. The principal therapeutic strategies encompass the administration of dehydrating agents, glucocorticoids, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Patients with mild poisoning can achieve recovery, whereas those with severe poisoning may experience fatal outcomes. Consequently, effective preventative measures must be instituted to minimize exposure to 1,2-DCE in the workplace.