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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Open-Globe Injuries With Retained Intraocular Foreign Bodies: Anesthesia Options and Endophthalmitis Rates.

Landon J Rohowetz1, Jonathan S Yi1, Khaled Gowaily1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA.

Journal of Vitreoretinal Diseases
|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regional anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) is common for open-globe injuries. Intraoperative intravitreal (IVT) antibiotics significantly reduce the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis in these patients.

Keywords:
anesthesiaendophthalmitisopen-globe injuryretained intraocular foreign body

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Anesthesia

Background:

  • Open-globe injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies present complex surgical challenges.
  • Endophthalmitis is a severe complication that can lead to vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate anesthesia techniques used in open-globe injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies.
  • To assess endophthalmitis rates in relation to anesthesia and antibiotic administration.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 134 eyes with open-globe injury and retained intraocular foreign body (2015-2023).
  • Comparison of anesthesia types (regional with MAC vs. general) and antibiotic regimens (subconjunctival, intraoperative IVT).

Main Results:

  • Regional anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) was used in 96% of initial surgeries.
  • No significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) based on anesthesia type.
  • Intraoperative intravitreal (IVT) antibiotics were associated with a significantly lower rate of postoperative endophthalmitis (0.8% vs. 25%; P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Regional anesthesia with MAC is the preferred anesthetic approach for these injuries.
  • Intraoperative IVT antibiotic administration is crucial in preventing postoperative endophthalmitis.