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Political violence in democracies: An Introduction.

Andrea Ruggeri1, Ursula Daxecker2, Neeraj Prasad2

  • 1Department of Social and Political Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, Italy.

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|September 29, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Democracies experience less political violence than autocracies, but scholars often overlook violence within democracies. This issue explores electoral, ethnic, criminal, and terrorist violence, revealing democracies are not as peaceful as assumed.

Keywords:
Conflictdemocracypolitical violence

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Area of Science:

  • Political Science
  • Sociology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Democracies are widely perceived as less prone to political violence than autocracies.
  • This perception has led to an underestimation of political violence occurring within democratic systems.
  • Existing research has gaps regarding the variation and causes of political violence across different democracies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion that democracies are inherently peaceful by examining intra-democratic political violence.
  • To identify and address theoretical and methodological shortcomings in the study of political violence within democracies.
  • To introduce a special issue that investigates the strategies, actors, effects, and support for political violence in democratic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on political violence across democracies.
  • Introduction to 14 articles employing cutting-edge methodologies to study political violence.
  • Focus on quantitative and qualitative analyses of violence within democratic regimes.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in political violence exists across democracies, contrary to common assumptions.
  • Gaps in knowledge include understanding violent actors' strategies, determinants of support for violence, and the purpose of violence.
  • The special issue articles advance research on accountability constraints, sponsorship of violence, effects of violence, and public support for violence.

Conclusions:

  • Democracies are not as peaceful as commonly believed, with various forms of political violence occurring within them.
  • Further research is needed to address theoretical and methodological limitations in studying intra-democratic political violence.
  • Understanding the nuances of political violence in democracies is crucial for a comprehensive view of democratic stability and governance.