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Adolescent swimming exercise induces systemic adaptations and molecular changes in the rat cerebral cortex
Douglas Buchmann Godinho1, Leandro Machado Severo Feiteiro1, João Victor de Mattos Mautone Pedroso2
1Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences and Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Physiology & Behavior
|September 29, 2025
Summary
Adolescent swimming exercise enhanced brain plasticity and redox regulation in rats. This early physical activity may build resilience against future health challenges.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Exercise Physiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Adolescence is a critical period for brain development.
- The molecular effects of structured exercise during adolescence are not well understood.
- Physical activity can have lasting impacts on brain health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the behavioral and molecular adaptations in the rat cerebral cortex following a five-week swimming protocol during adolescence.
- To determine if adolescent exercise influences neuroplasticity and redox regulation markers.
Main Methods:
- Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary and exercise groups.
- The exercise group underwent a progressive swimming protocol from postnatal day 41 (P41) to P73.
- Cortical proteins (BDNF, NRF2, irisin) and body weight were analyzed post-exercise.
Main Results:
- Exercised rats had lower body weight and increased locomotor activity compared to sedentary rats.
- Cortical levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were elevated in exercised rats.
- Plasma irisin levels and memory performance were not significantly affected by the exercise protocol.
Conclusions:
- Structured swimming exercise during adolescence induces molecular adaptations in the cerebral cortex related to neuroplasticity and redox regulation.
- Early-life physical activity may enhance latent brain resilience mechanisms.
- These adaptations could be critical for future physiological or pathological challenges.
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