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Health and Development of Children Born Moderate and Late Preterm and Early Term at Age 10 in French Birth Cohorts

Laura Pavicic1, Laetitia Marchand-Martin1, Ayoub Mitha1,2,3

  • 1Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Paris, France.

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
|September 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children born moderate preterm (32-33 weeks), late preterm (34-36 weeks), or early term (37-38 weeks) face increased risks for certain health and developmental issues, including strabismus and dental problems, by age 10.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lower gestational age (GA) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
  • Long-term health and developmental outcomes for moderate (MPT), late preterm (LPT), and early term (ET) births are less understood compared to very preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the health and developmental effects at age 10 in children born MPT, LPT, or ET compared to full-term (FT) births.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from two French nationwide birth cohorts initiated in 2011.
  • Collected data at age 10 via telephone interviews and home visits (N=8372 and N=6418, respectively).
  • Employed outcome-wide regressions, adjusted for socioeconomic status and pregnancy complications, to determine risks.

Main Results:

  • No increased risk for asthma/atopy, except allergic rhinitis in MPT.
  • Higher prevalence of strabismus in MPT, LPT, and ET groups compared to FT.
  • Increased risk of balance problems in MPT and LPT groups.
  • MPT group showed lower WISC-V scores and increased risk of dental malposition.

Conclusions:

  • Most respiratory, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic outcomes did not differ significantly between MPT, LPT, ET, and FT groups.
  • Strabismus was more prevalent in preterm and ET births.
  • Specific concerns for MPT births include lower cognitive scores and dental issues, highlighting the need for targeted follow-up.
Abstract

Keywords:
birth cohorthealth outcomesmorbidityneurodevelopmentoutcome‐widepreterm birth

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