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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Walking Modulates Active Auditory Sensing.

Xinyu Chen1,2,3,4, Liyu Cao5,4, Roy Eric Wieske6

  • 1Institute of Psychology III, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97070, Germany.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Walking enhances auditory processing and attention, adapting sensory input for purposeful navigation. This study reveals how movement direction influences brain activity during environmental exploration.

Keywords:
active sensingalpha oscillationauditory steady-state responsemobile brain imagingnatural walkingsensory processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Human Locomotion

Background:

  • Walking is fundamental for navigation, requiring adaptive environmental information processing.
  • Sensory processing bridges walking and navigation, influencing purposeful movement.
  • Neuronal dynamics of environmental processing may be altered by walking and direction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how walking and walking direction influence neuronal dynamics in environmental information processing.
  • To examine the impact of locomotion on auditory processing and attention.
  • To understand the neural mechanisms underlying active sensing during navigation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving 30 participants walking an 8-shaped path.
  • Mobile electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during walking and standing conditions.
  • Presentation of auditory entrainment stimuli and transient burst sounds to assess auditory steady-state responses and evoked potentials.

Main Results:

  • Increased auditory entrainment and early auditory evoked responses were observed during walking compared to static conditions.
  • Occipital alpha power decreased during walking, correlating with increased auditory entrainment.
  • Auditory entrainment responses were modulated by walking path and turning direction, with stronger perturbation responses to unilateral sounds during walking.

Conclusions:

  • Walking significantly alters auditory processing in a manner dependent on the walking path, potentially optimizing navigation.
  • Path-dependent auditory modulation may reflect attentional shifts, indicating higher-order active sensing during locomotion.
  • Locomotion dynamically shapes sensory processing to support adaptive, purposeful navigation.