Annotated Spanish general election debate transcriptions 1993-2023
Fermín L Cruz1, Fernando Enríquez2, F Javier Ortega3
1Department of Computer Languages and Systems, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. fcruz@us.es.
Scientific Data
|September 29, 2025
Summary
This study introduces the DebatES dataset, a comprehensive Spanish election debate resource. It enables advanced analysis of political discourse, persuasive strategies, and polarization using NLP and LLM annotations.
Area of Science:
- Computational Linguistics
- Political Science
- Language Technologies
Background:
- Automatic analysis of political discourse needs specialized resources, especially for non-English debates.
- Spanish electoral debates present unique characteristics compared to parliamentary sessions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce the DebatES dataset, a novel resource for analyzing Spanish televised general election debates.
- To provide manually reviewed transcriptions with rich annotations for linguistic and political analysis.
Main Methods:
- Manual transcription and review of nearly all Spanish national televised general election debates since 1993.
- Segmentation of transcripts into turns and thematic blocks with participant metadata.
- Enrichment with linguistic-stylistic metrics via NLP and annotations (topics, emotions, entities, proposals, claims) using LLMs and manual validation.
Main Results:
- The DebatES dataset contains segmented transcripts with participant metadata.
- Annotations include turn topics, emotions, entities, electoral proposals, and factual claims.
- Data is available in standard formats (XML, CSV) with interactive reports.
Conclusions:
- The DebatES dataset is a valuable, accessible resource for researchers in linguistics, political science, and language technologies.
- It facilitates the study of discourse evolution, persuasive strategies, and ideological polarization in Spanish politics.
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