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Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
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CAIRS and nomograms: a narrative review.

Rohan Hussain1, Romesh Angunawela2

  • 1Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. rohan.hussain@nhs.net.

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|September 30, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments (CAIRS) offer a promising new treatment for keratoconus, improving vision by reshaping the cornea. This review compares nomograms to enhance CAIRS procedure accuracy and predictability.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Surgery
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia leading to vision impairment.
  • Current treatments aim to flatten and regularize the cornea.
  • Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments (CAIRS) represent an innovative surgical approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare existing nomograms for CAIRS procedures.
  • To analyze differences in segment preparation, sizing, and placement.
  • To provide insights for planning and executing CAIRS procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published CAIRS outcomes.
  • Comparative analysis of different nomogram methodologies.
  • Discussion of key surgical considerations and challenges.

Main Results:

  • Published CAIRS results demonstrate encouraging visual outcomes.
  • Nomograms aim to improve accuracy and predictability in CAIRS procedures.
  • Variations exist in nomogram application regarding segment handling.

Conclusions:

  • CAIRS is a rapidly evolving treatment for keratoconus with significant potential.
  • Understanding and comparing nomograms is crucial for successful CAIRS implantation.
  • Further research and standardization of nomograms will enhance patient outcomes.