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Published on: August 31, 2018
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Development of a low-cost team performance tracking system
Ahmet Aydın1, Kerem Tuncay Özgünen2, Cemil Keskinoğlu3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cukurova University, Balcalı, Sarıçam, Adana, 01330, Turkey. aaydin@cu.edu.tr.
BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation
|September 30, 2025
Summary
A new sports technology system tracks volleyball players' internal and external loads in real-time using heart rate, core temperature, and acceleration. This system enhances team performance and injury prevention by providing unique physiological insights.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biotechnology
- Human Movement Science
Background:
- Sports technologies are gaining market share due to their impact on team success and revenue.
- Effective athlete performance tracking is crucial for optimizing team outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and test a novel team performance tracking system for athletes.
- To enable real-time monitoring of internal and external load parameters.
Main Methods:
- A system was developed to measure heart rate, R-R interval, core temperature, and acceleration in volleyball players.
- Internal (heart rate reserve percentage, training impulse) and external (player load) parameters were calculated.
- The ESP-NOW protocol facilitated high-speed, long-distance data transmission for real-time feedback.
Main Results:
- Simultaneous, real-time acquisition of physiological and kinematic data over 3 hours.
- High-frequency, low-cost performance monitoring was achieved.
- Demonstrated the system's capability to provide comprehensive athlete data.
Conclusions:
- The developed system is operable and applicable for enhancing team performance.
- The system aids in reducing the risk of athlete injuries.
- Integrated core temperature monitoring offers unique physiological data not found in current commercial systems.

