Essential competencies of newly recruited ICU nurses in Iran: a qualitative content analysis study

Newly recruited ICU nurses often face challenges related to complex patient conditions, high-pressure environments, and insufficient specialized training. In Iran, few qualitative studies have explored the core competencies required for these nurses. This study aimed to identify essential competencies necessary for the effective integration of newly recruited ICU nurses.

A conventional content analysis was conducted from October 2023 to July 2024 in Isfahan, Iran. A total of eight participants, including five ICU nurses and three ICU managers, together with newly recruited nurses, were purposefully sampled to gain a comprehensive perspective on required competencies. Individual semi-structured interviews were held until data saturation. Transcripts were coded inductively and analyzed using MAXQDA version 2020.

Analysis yielded three main categories-Communication Competencies, Specialized Competencies, and General Competencies-comprising 12 sub-categories. Specialized skills included respiratory and cardiovascular management, neurological assessment, and equipment operation. General competencies covered patient safety, infection control, and informatics, while communication competencies encompassed family communication, emotional support, and intra-team collaboration.

Newly recruited ICU nurses require structured education-incorporating simulation-based training-and stronger organizational support to enhance adaptation, skill acquisition, and stress management, thereby improving care quality for critically ill patients. Institutional onboarding programs, mentorship, and simulation-based education are essential to improve skill acquisition, reduce stress, and enhance care quality in ICUs.