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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

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Current progress in neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccines for solid tumors.

Yuting Li1, Abudukadierjiang Abudureheman1, Jianming Xu2

  • 1Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.

Cancer Biology & Medicine
|September 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neoantigen-based dendritic cell (DC) vaccines show promise for cancer treatment by targeting tumor-specific alterations. Clinical trials are evaluating their safety and efficacy in solid tumors, offering a personalized immunotherapy approach.

Keywords:
Neoantigendendritic cellimmunotherapysolid tumorvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4 have advanced cancer therapy but face challenges with resistance.
  • Neoantigens, derived from tumor-specific mutations, are highly immunogenic and specific, presenting a promising target for personalized cancer vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review examines the clinical progress of neoantigen-based dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for treating solid tumors.
  • It highlights the potential of DC vaccines in harnessing neoantigens to elicit tumor-specific immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • The review synthesizes data from ongoing global clinical trials investigating neoantigen-based DC vaccines.
  • It discusses various vaccine types, including peptide, nucleic acid, and DC vaccines, based on neoantigen source and delivery.

Main Results:

  • Neoantigen processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC) are crucial for T cell recognition.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent APCs, are central to initiating anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Neoantigen-based DC vaccines represent a promising therapeutic strategy for solid tumors.
  • Ongoing clinical research is focused on establishing the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of these personalized vaccines.