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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

Surface nanostructures regulated by chalcogen bonding interactions.

Xinyi Zhang¹, Qiang Sun¹, Liangliang Cai^1,2

¹Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China. cailiangliangmgi@shu.edu.cn.

Nanoscale Horizons

|September 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chalcogen bonding (ChB) is a powerful tool for creating functional nanostructures on surfaces. This review details how ChB directs on-surface synthesis, enabling precise control over molecular assembly and nanomaterial design.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Chalcogen bonding (ChB) is an emerging noncovalent interaction.
ChB is increasingly utilized for bottom-up construction of functional nanostructures on surfaces.
On-surface synthesis offers a platform for creating well-defined low-dimensional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the fundamental principles and recent advancements in ChB-directed on-surface synthesis.
To highlight ChB's role in complementing conventional noncovalent interactions for engineering nanostructures.
To discuss the impact of surface confinement on ChB properties and reactivity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of ChB-directed on-surface synthesis.
Analysis of ChB's role in molecular recognition and self-assembly.
Exploration of ChB's influence on topology selectivity and disorder-to-order transitions.

Main Results:

ChB exhibits strong directionality and tunable interaction strength, complementing other noncovalent forces.
ChB effectively drives molecular recognition and controls topology selectivity in flexible precursors.
Surface confinement modifies ChB properties, enabling novel assembly pathways and reactivity.

Conclusions:

ChB is a versatile tool for rational design and engineering of functional nanomaterials via on-surface synthesis.
Understanding ChB interactions is crucial for advancing on-surface nanotechnology.
Further research is needed to address current challenges and explore future directions in ChB engineering.