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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
Published on: January 31, 2025
Management of High Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section in the Semi-Fowler's Position
Nathan Martin-Orr1, Joseph E Villaluz1, Brandon So1
1Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI) Health, Orange, USA.
Abstract:
High spinal anesthesia, a rare but serious complication of neuraxial techniques, occurs when local anesthetic spreads through the cerebrospinal fluid, blocking spinal segments above the intended level. This can lead to significant cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological effects. These effects include vasodilation, bradycardia, and potential respiratory failure if the phrenic nerve or brainstem is affected. High spinal blocks are particularly concerning in obstetric anesthesia, where they are used for labor analgesia and cesarean deliveries. The ability to quickly and effectively manage this high-risk event can significantly reduce the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In the event of a high spinal, we describe how the use of a semi-Fowler's position can salvage a high spinal and even prevent the need for intubation.
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