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Low-Threshold Buprenorphine in Non-Traditional Settings: A Scoping Review.
Anna Patterson1, Zachary Davis1, Mackenzie Smith1
1College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, USA.
Substance Use : Research and Treatment
|September 30, 2025
Summary
Low-threshold buprenorphine programs increase access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment by overcoming barriers. These innovative, community-based models show promise in reaching underserved populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Addiction Medicine
- Harm Reduction
Background:
- Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) remains a crisis, with many individuals facing barriers to treatment.
- Low-threshold buprenorphine programs offer accessible, harm-reduction-focused treatment.
- These programs are expanding into non-traditional settings like mobile units and community centers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review approaches of low-threshold buprenorphine programs in non-clinical settings.
- To identify key delivery model components, implementation challenges, and facilitators.
- To assess program outcomes and identify research gaps.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted.
- Searched 5 major databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science).
- Included articles on buprenorphine programs outside traditional healthcare settings published before January 31, 2024.
Main Results:
- 18,784 articles were initially identified, with 41 meeting eligibility criteria.
- Common program models included syringe services, mobile units, community centers, and street medicine.
- Community partnerships were crucial facilitators, though funding remains a significant need.
Conclusions:
- Low-threshold buprenorphine programs are innovative in delivering OUD treatment to those with limited access.
- Future research should prioritize patient-important outcomes and standardize measurement.
- Tailored program implementation is needed to meet community-specific outcomes.
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