Lactylation in Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Progress and Perspectives

Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications, including lactylation-a recently identified posttranslational modification-may play a role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Lactylation occurs in both histone and nonhistone proteins and has been implicated in processes, such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and angiogenesis, which are relevant to CVD pathogenesis. However, the mechanistic links between lactylation and CVDs remain poorly understood, with most supporting evidence derived from preclinical studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on lactylation, including its regulatory enzymes and potential functional roles in CVDs. While preliminary, these insights may inform future research directions for therapeutic strategies, early diagnostics, and disease prevention. Further validation in clinical studies is needed to establish the significance of lactylation in CVDs.