Clinicopathologic Analysis of Sarcomas in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Systematic Review

This study aimed to systematically review primary sarcomas in the oral and maxillofacial region, focusing on patient demographics and sarcoma-specific characteristics, including clinical presentation, histopathology, treatment approaches, outcomes, and survival rates.

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and based on the PECOS framework, including observational studies on primary oral and maxillofacial sarcomas. An electronic search in five databases identified eligible studies, and outcomes were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression.

The review included 35 studies comprising 687 cases of sarcomas in the oral and maxillofacial region. The mean patient age was 35.26 years, with a slight male predominance. Lesions predominantly involved the mandible, with osteosarcoma being the most common histological subtype. Multimodal treatment was most frequent. Of 616 patients with survival data, 58.1% were alive at analysis. The overall 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 54.3% and 60.4%, respectively. Factors such as age, histological type, T classification, stage grouping, surgical margins, local recurrence, and distant metastases significantly influenced survival (p < 0.05).

This study provides a comprehensive review of oral and maxillofacial sarcomas, offering data to understand the clinicopathological characteristics of these lesions, helping to improve their diagnosis and management.