The AHORA Study: A Real-World Mixed-Methods Study Investigating the Effectiveness of, and Experiences with, Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in People with Advanced HIV in the Rio Grande Valley, Texas

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) comprises counties with some of the highest prevalence of HIV in Texas. The predominantly Latino population also faces socioeconomic challenges, including high poverty rates, low health literacy, and transiency, contributing to increased risk of advanced HIV disease. AHORA was a real-world mixed-methods study evaluating viral control and immune reconstitution in a Latino population with advanced HIV disease, who were enrolled in a rapid start treatment program with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) at two clinics in the RGV. To explore reasons for late diagnosis and experiences of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, document analysis and 27 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 individuals receiving treatment and 9 clinic staff. Median time to an HIV-1 RNA level <200 copies/mL was 5.3 weeks, with 90.5% (19/21) achieving this by Week 24. There were statistically significant differences in mean HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4% and CD4 counts between baseline and Week 24. Strategies to maximize ART engagement were grounded in person-centered care and included regular appointment reminders and transportation assistance. Common barriers to accessing care included limited HIV knowledge and financial constraints. These were addressed through education and financial support, including the provision of treatment samples at no cost, independent of insurance status. The AHORA study effectively showcases the benefits of rapid B/F/TAF initiation for individuals with advanced HIV in the RGV, facilitating early viral suppression and improved health outcomes. It also emphasizes the critical role of person-centered care and tailored support services in overcoming health care access barriers.