Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.8K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.8K
Sensation01:21

Sensation

1.3K
Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
1.3K
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

1.1K
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
1.1K
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve

320
Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
320
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

879
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
879
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.3K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hands can play equal roles in bimanual single-object rotations.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Goals for kinematic coding: Insights from the posture-based motion planning perspective.

Physics of life reviews·2025
Same author

Acting with the feet and hands: Does one effector system dominate the other?

Acta psychologica·2024
Same author

Thinking on your feet: Anticipatory foot placements in repeated bimanual object displacements.

Acta psychologica·2023
Same author

Grasping Weber's Law in a Virtual Environment: The Effect of Haptic Feedback.

Frontiers in psychology·2020
Same author

A double dissociation between action and perception in bimanual grasping: evidence from the Ponzo and the Wundt-Jastrow illusions.

Scientific reports·2020
Same journal

Self-other discrimination in face recognition depending on personal familiarity: investigating a sample consisting of Japanese and Han Chinese women.

Psychological research·2026
Same journal

Sounds of creativity: musical, creative, and language factors associated with singing and creative singing.

Psychological research·2026
Same journal

Does sport expertise bridge the sex gap in mental rotation? Bayesian evidence for the critical role of visuospatial demands.

Psychological research·2026
Same journal

The development of an optimal learning strategy for high-similarity categories: the effect of example sequence on children's category learning.

Psychological research·2026
Same journal

Musical training increases anticipatory responding and predictive control in sequence learning.

Psychological research·2026
Same journal

When emotions hurt: negative interpretations of bodily signals and interoceptive difficulties in fibromyalgia.

Psychological research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.8K

Difference thresholds in 3D space depend on perceived size, not depth.

Aviad Ozana1,2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. ozanaaviad1@g.ucla.edu.

Psychological Research
|September 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Object constancy, the perception of stable object size and shape, is influenced by high-level visual representations, not just viewing distance. This study reveals perceptual resolution is constrained by object size in 3D environments.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.9K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.8K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.9K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.8K

Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Object constancy describes stable perception of object size and shape despite changing viewing distance.
  • Previous research suggested enhanced perceptual processing in near space, but used 2D stimuli with artificial depth cues.
  • These limitations necessitate investigation in realistic 3D environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate visual resolution for object length in participants' peripersonal and extrapersonal space.
  • To determine if perceptual processing differs between 2D and 3D environments.
  • To explore the influence of viewing distance and retinal size on perceptual judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted psychophysical experiments testing visual resolution for object length.
  • Measured difference thresholds (Just Noticeable Differences, JND) using Method of Adjustment and Method of Constant Stimuli.
  • Extended experiments to 3D stimuli to validate findings in realistic environments.

Main Results:

  • Perceived size varied with distance in initial experiments.
  • Crucially, JNDs were modulated by object size, not retinal size or viewing distance.
  • Findings were consistent across 2D and 3D stimuli, and different experimental methods.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptual resolution in 3D environments is constrained by high-level visual representations of object size.
  • Suggests distinct perceptual mechanisms operate in 3D versus 2D contexts.
  • Highlights the importance of studying perception in ecologically valid 3D environments.