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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
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Male infertility.

Opeyemi Dhikhirullahi1, Zhibing Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine
|September 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Male infertility, affecting 50% of cases, requires a comprehensive approach for diagnosis and treatment. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies offer hope, but challenges in understanding causes and improving access remain.

Keywords:
Male infertilityciliaspermatogenesisvaricocele

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Urology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Male infertility affects approximately 50% of couples experiencing infertility.
  • It is a complex condition with diverse congenital and acquired causes, often idiopathic.
  • A systematic diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on male infertility etiologies, diagnosis, and treatments.
  • To highlight recent advances in basic and clinical research.
  • To identify ongoing challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of literature on male infertility.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormone profiling, imaging, and genetic testing.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, including assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Main Results:

  • Semen analysis is the gold standard for male fertility evaluation.
  • ART, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has significantly improved treatment outcomes.
  • Idiopathic male infertility remains a significant challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Male infertility is multifactorial, necessitating a stepwise diagnostic approach.
  • ART offers effective solutions for many couples, but further research is needed.
  • Improving access to fertility care and understanding idiopathic infertility are critical future directions.