Chromosome-level and haplotype resolved genome assembly of Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76'

Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76' (2n = 38), also known as Poplar 107, represents one of the important tree resources of industrial timber forests in China for decades. Through the integration of PacBio HiFi, short-read sequencing, Hi-C and transcriptome data, a high-quality genome of Poplar 107 was assembled, consisting of two subgenomes, each containing 19 chromosomes. The assembly size of two haplotype genomes are 428.50 Mb (Subgenome A) and 414.20 Mb (Subgenome B). About 98.70% and 98.50% of embryophyta BUSCOs could be detected in two subgenomes assembly, indicating a high level of quality. Comprehensive annotation identified of 37,188 and 37,578 coding genes, along with 182.85 Mb and 187.03 Mb repeat elements in each subgenome. The collinearity between the two subgenomes is over 99%. The haplotype-resolved genome of Poplar 107 not only lays a solid foundation for its subsequent molecular functional analysis and breeding applications, furnishes significant genetic resources for the comparative genomics and functional genomics studies of diverse Populus species.