Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.6K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.6K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.1K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.1K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.5K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.5K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.1K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.1K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.7K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.7K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

6.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
6.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dysfunction of a SET3-like complex underlies a family of related neurological disorders.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Specialisation of meiotic kinetochores revealed through a synthetic spindle assembly checkpoint strategy.

eLife·2026
Same author

Synthetic super-enhancers enable precision viral immunotherapy.

Nature·2026
Same author

Involvement of peripheral and central sensitization in prolonged mechanical allodynia of the tongue in a rat.

Odontology·2026
Same author

Defining the chromatin-associated protein landscapes on <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> repetitive elements using synthetic TALE proteins.

eLife·2026
Same author

Ondansetron Prevents Nausea and Vomiting After Orthognathic Surgery.

Anesthesia progress·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.8K

Cell-type-specific functionality encoded within the intrinsically disordered regions of OCT4.

Burak Ozkan1,2, Mitzy Rios de Anda1,2, Elisa Hall-Ponsele1,2

  • 1Institute of Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Nature Communications
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factors (TFs) like OCT4 have cell-type-specific functions. Short linear peptides within OCT4

More Related Videos

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

8.7K
Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.8K
HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

8.7K
Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Transcription factors (TFs) dictate cell identity through cell-type-specific functions.
  • Understanding how single TFs achieve diverse functions across different cell types remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying OCT4's versatile functions in cellular reprogramming and embryonic development.
  • To identify specific features within OCT4 responsible for its distinct roles in different cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) within the OCT4 protein.
  • Identification and characterization of short linear peptides essential for reprogramming (SLiPERs).
  • Assessment of SLiPERs' role in protein recruitment, chromatin binding, and embryonic development.

Main Results:

  • Discovered SLiPERs within OCT4's IDRs, crucial for somatic cell reprogramming but not ESC self-renewal.
  • SLiPERs induce a quasi-ordered state, recruiting specific proteins to closed chromatin during reprogramming.
  • Absence of SLiPERs impairs embryonic development beyond late gastrulation and disrupts OCT4 binding, hindering pluripotency exit.

Conclusions:

  • Modules within TF intrinsically disordered regions contribute to functional versatility and cell-type specificity.
  • SLiPERs represent a key mechanism for OCT4-mediated cellular reprogramming and embryonic development.
  • Findings reveal how specific peptide motifs within TFs enable distinct cellular functions.