Palladium nanoparticles stabilized on the BPA-functionalized Fe₃O₄ as the recoverable catalysts for synthesis of...

This report presents the development of Pd-BPA/Fe₃O₄, a cutting-edge magnetic nanocatalyst. The synthesis process employed (2,2'-Bipyridin-5-yl) alanine groups as linkers to immobilize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on the Fe₃O₄ surface, effectively reducing particle agglomeration. This innovative surface functionalization of magnetic particles serves as a promising approach to merge the benefits of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The catalyst underwent thorough characterization using various analytical techniques such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, ICP, EDS, and VSM. Its performance was assessed through catalytic applications in the synthesis of aromatic sulfides via C-S coupling reactions, achieving derivative yields between 85 and 98%. A leaching test was conducted to confirm the catalyst's heterogeneous nature. Impressively, Pd-BPA/Fe₃O₄ demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining catalytic efficiency over five cycles of recovery and reuse without notable loss in activity.