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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Polymerization-Induced Micelle Gelation.

Liangwei Lu1, Shuxiao Wang1, Wei Hong1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a copolymerization method to create micellar hydrogels. Low initiator concentrations promote gelation by forming 3D networks, enabling scalable hydrogel production.

Keywords:
dissipative particle dynamicsgelationmicellemultiblock copolymerrheology

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polymer micelles are key to creating supramolecular structures like nanowires.
  • The gelation behavior of polymer micelles is not well understood.
  • Hydrogels have diverse applications but require controlled fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the gelation behavior of polymer micelles.
  • To develop a universal copolymerization strategy for micellar hydrogels.
  • To investigate the role of initiator concentration in micellar hydrogel formation.

Main Methods:

  • Universal copolymerization of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate.
  • Fabrication of micellar hydrogels.
  • Dissipative particle dynamics simulations to model copolymer formation and self-assembly.

Main Results:

  • Initiator concentration critically controls gelation.
  • Low initiator concentrations lead to multiblock copolymers, forming 3D networks and gelation.
  • High initiator concentrations result in diblock copolymers within isolated micelles.

Conclusions:

  • A facile copolymerization strategy enables the scalable production of micellar hydrogels.
  • Controlled initiator concentration is crucial for tuning hydrogel network formation.
  • This approach offers a versatile route to advanced hydrogel materials.