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Lanthanide-Mediated Shallow-to-Deep Trap Engineering in CaS Nanocrystals for Multistimulus Dynamic
Huilin Liu1, Xiangran Kong1, Jun Zeng1
1MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Inorganic Chemistry
|October 1, 2025
Summary
Researchers engineered persistent luminescent materials for advanced anticounterfeiting. By controlling defect depths in calcium sulfide nanocrystals, they achieved tunable optical responses for dynamic security applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Solid State Physics
Background:
- Persistent luminescent (PersL) materials offer potential for anticounterfeiting via tunable trap depths.
- Current material designs struggle with programmable gradient engineering of defect depths.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate trap depth evolution in CaS systems.
- Achieve gradient-controlled trap depth modulation for advanced anticounterfeiting.
Main Methods:
- Lanthanide-ion codoping strategy in calcium sulfide nanocrystals.
- Thermoluminescence analysis (TL) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
- Development of a core-shell architecture with selective doping.
Main Results:
- Achieved gradient-controlled trap depth modulation from 0.644 to 1.090 eV using Sm³⁺-mediated defect engineering.
- Intrinsic sulfur vacancies act as shallow traps, enabling persistent luminescence > 600 s.
- Demonstrated remarkable photostimulated luminescence (PSL) performance with deep trap states and Er³⁺-mediated green upconversion luminescence (UCL).
Conclusions:
- Developed a paradigm for programmable stimulus-responsive luminescent materials.
- Significantly advanced dynamic anticounterfeiting technologies with on-demand optical response capabilities.
- Synergistic interactions between Sm³⁺ dopants and sulfur vacancies modulate trap depth and restructure defect states.
