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Migration

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

A Rapid and Efficient Method for Assessing Pathogenicity of Ustilago maydis on Maize and Teosinte Lines

A Rapid and Efficient Method for Assessing Pathogenicity of Ustilago maydis on Maize and Teosinte Lines

Published on: January 3, 2014

Biosurveillance of Invasive Southern Corn Rust: Insights Into Recent Migration Patterns and Virulence Variation.

Yuanjie Li^1,2, Wiruda Pootakham³, Supawadee Ingsriswang³

¹State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Molecular Plant Pathology

|October 1, 2025

Summary

Southern corn rust (SCR) pathogen migration and adaptation were studied across Asia. Findings reveal host selection drives diversification and identify potential invasive threats, guiding international surveillance and control strategies.

Keywords:

Puccinia polysora effector variation host selection population transcriptomics trajectory tracking

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Genomics
Epidemiology

Background:

Emerging pathogen races threaten global agriculture through long-distance migration.
Understanding pathogen virulence evolution and host adaptation is vital for crop protection.

Purpose of the Study:

To biosurvey Puccinia polysora (causing southern corn rust) across China, Thailand, and the Philippines.
To analyze pathogen migration, diversification, and virulence evolution.
To inform international surveillance and control strategies for southern corn rust.

Main Methods:

Biosurveillance and field transcriptomic analysis of 193 samples.
Gene flow assessment and trajectory tracking of pathogen migration.
Detection and analysis of effector gene variants, including AvrRppC.

Main Results:

Epidemic and endemic lineages of Puccinia polysora co-circulated in surveyed countries.
Host selection significantly drives diversification of endemic lineages.
A novel AvrRppC allele in a Philippine lineage overcomes RppC-mediated resistance, posing an invasive threat.

Conclusions:

Pathogen migration into northern China is likely domestic; international migration is restricted.
Country-specific effector gene variants were identified, with AvrRppC under strong positive selection.
The study establishes a foundation for an international surveillance network and emphasizes integrated control strategies.