Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.7K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.7K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.1K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.1K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.0K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.0K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.2K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.3K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

897
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
897

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Effect on electroencephalogram microstate in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a comparative study of acupuncture with different stimulation methods at cognitive-emotional area].

Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion·2026
Same author

Social determinants of health and objective rest-activity rhythms and sleep health in U.S. Adults: Depression and overactive bladder as potential explanatory factors.

Chronobiology international·2026
Same author

Mechanisms of exercise-based rehabilitation following intracerebral hemorrhage: insights from preclinical evidence.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Sacituzumab govitecan combined with tislelizumab as second-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: a case report and literature review.

BMC women's health·2026
Same author

Comprehensive management of ischemic stroke with traditional Chinese medicine: a new exploration.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

A Novel Insight into Chronic Pancreatitis Pathogenesis: the USP1/ITGB5 Axis-Mediated Stellate Cell Activation.

Inflammation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

744

Thyroid dysfunction and osteoporosis: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Minshun Zhu1,2, Yuwen Wang1,2, Yu Liang1,2

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.

Medicine
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate thyroid disorders and osteoporosis risk. Findings confirm that hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism causally increase osteoporosis risk, highlighting the need for preventative strategies.

Keywords:
causal inferencehyperthyroidismhypothyroidismmendelian randomizationosteoporosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

744

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Bone Biology and Osteoporosis Research
  • Genetic Epidemiology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between hyperthyroidism and osteoporosis (OP) risk.
  • Causality between hypothyroidism and OP risk remains uncertain due to limitations like reverse causality and confounders.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a robust method to infer causal relationships by utilizing genetic variants as instrumental variables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causal effect of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on osteoporosis risk.
  • To investigate the potential causal effect of osteoporosis on thyroid dysfunction using inverse MR analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-way, 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted using genome-wide association study meta-analysis data of European ancestry.
  • Instrumental variables were selected to assess causal effects.
  • Inverse variance weighting was the primary analytical method, supported by MR-Egger and weighted median methods, with sensitivity analyses performed.

Main Results:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between hyperthyroidism (OR=1.17, P=3.61E-07) and hypothyroidism (OR=1.01, P=0.013) and the risk of osteoporosis.
  • Inverse MR analysis showed no significant causal relationship between osteoporosis and hyperthyroidism (OR=1.00, P=0.208) or hypothyroidism (OR=1.11, P=0.297).
  • Sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity tests supported the robustness of the findings.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides strong evidence for a causal link between both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.
  • The findings suggest that individuals with thyroid dysfunction may warrant closer monitoring for osteoporosis.
  • Further research into the underlying biological mechanisms is recommended to inform clinical guidelines for OP prevention.