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Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

1.2K
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

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Oral Biofilm and Gender-Specific Health Considerations.

Gregori M Kurtzman1, Robert A Horowitz2, Richard Johnston3

  • 1Dentistry, Private Practice, Silver Spring, USA.

Cureus
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Oral biofilm impacts health differently in men and women due to hormonal and biological variations. Understanding these gender-specific differences is crucial for preventing oral and systemic diseases.

Keywords:
erectile dysfunctionoral biofilmpregnancy-related gingivitispreterm pregnancyprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology and immunology
  • Gender-specific health and disease

Background:

  • Oral biofilm is implicated in periodontal and systemic diseases.
  • Evidence suggests significant gender-specific differences in oral biofilm's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the connections between gender-specific health and oral biofilm.
  • To highlight how hormonal fluctuations in women affect oral biofilm and disease susceptibility.
  • To explore potential links between male-specific factors and severe periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining gender, oral biofilm, and health outcomes.
  • Analysis of hormonal influences (e.g., puberty, pregnancy, menopause, PCOS) on oral biofilm composition and behavior.
  • Examination of testosterone-related factors and behavioral aspects in men concerning oral health.

Main Results:

  • Hormonal changes in women can alter oral biofilm, increasing susceptibility to gingival inflammation and periodontal disease.
  • Conditions like PCOS and pregnancy-associated gingivitis demonstrate endocrine influences on oral health.
  • Men exhibit higher rates of severe periodontitis, potentially linked to testosterone and behavioral factors.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-specific biology significantly influences oral biofilm dynamics and associated health risks.
  • Tailoring prevention and management strategies for oral and systemic diseases requires consideration of gender differences.
  • Further research into gender-specific oral biofilm interactions is warranted.