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Non-catalytic and catalytic TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASES interact with RAMOSA3 to control maize development.

Thu M Tran1, Hannes Claeys1,2, María Jazmín Abraham-Juárez3

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Non-catalytic trehalose-6-phosphate synthases (TPSs) in maize interact with catalytic TPSs and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases (TPPs) to regulate plant development by forming protein complexes that stimulate enzymatic activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a key intermediate in trehalose biosynthesis.
  • Plant TPS and TPP gene families contain members with regulatory, non-catalytic functions.
  • The maize mutant ramosa3 (ra3) exhibits increased inflorescence branching and encodes a catalytic TPP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of non-catalytic TPS proteins in maize.
  • To elucidate the interactions between TPS and TPP proteins in plant development.
  • To understand the regulatory mechanisms of trehalose biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of maize mutants (ra3, ZmTPS1, ZmTPS12, ZmTPS11, ZmTPS14).
  • Protein interaction studies (co-immunoprecipitation).
  • In vitro enzymatic activity assays and AlphaFold structure prediction.

Main Results:

  • The non-catalytic maize ZmTPS1 interacts with the catalytic TPP RA3 and catalytic TPS ZmTPS14.
  • Mutations in ZmTPS1 and ZmTPS12 enhance the ra3 mutant phenotype.
  • ZmTPS1 stimulates the coupled activity of RA3 and ZmTPS14, forming a functional complex.

Conclusions:

  • Non-catalytic TPS proteins play crucial regulatory roles in plant development.
  • Complex formation between non-catalytic TPS, catalytic TPS, and TPP proteins is essential for regulating trehalose biosynthesis and plant architecture.
  • These findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism in plant metabolic pathways.