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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

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Synaptic pruning following NMDAR-dependent LTD preferentially affects isolated synapses.

Côme Camus1, Léa Leval1, Viviana Villicana-Munoz1

  • 1Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

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|October 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term depression (LTD) causes synaptic pruning unless activity intervenes. Coordinated neighboring synapses protect each other from this pruning, impacting network activity.

Keywords:
Cellular neuroscienceMolecular neuroscienceNeuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Long-term depression (LTD) reduces synaptic strength, potentially leading to synapse loss (pruning).
  • The exact link between LTD and synaptic pruning is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct relationship between LTD and synaptic pruning.
  • To identify mechanisms regulating LTD-induced synaptic pruning.

Main Methods:

  • Neuronal cell cultures were used.
  • Various imaging techniques and electrophysiology were employed.

Main Results:

  • A direct relationship between LTD and synaptic pruning was established.
  • NMDAR-dependent LTD consistently led to pruning unless counteracted by activity.
  • Post-synaptic ion channels crucial for sensing presynaptic activity were identified.
  • Neighboring synapses with coordinated activity provided mutual protection against pruning.

Conclusions:

  • LTD directly triggers synaptic pruning, a process influenced by synaptic activity levels.
  • Synaptic pruning is regulated by activity-sensing ion channels and coordinated network activity.
  • LTD-dependent pruning significantly affects synapses not involved in active network responses.